Sino-African win-win Policy under the One Belt One Road

Writing audit: Sino-African win-win Policy added to the One Repertoire One Road activity: Who contributes more successes more? Unique: Reason †The principle goal of this survey is to evaluate completely the Sino-African relations across time and now the recently presented â€Å"One Belt One Road† (OBOR) activity particularly the commitment to scholarly writing. The attention is on the significant occasions that denoted the account of Africa since China built up an enthusiasm until the new OBOR activity and the end features the significance on the investigation by looking into the alternate points of view in past writing. Approach †We considered an incorporated and thorough writing dependent on a subjective methodology, we played out a substance examination of exceptionally applicable and effective papers. Discoveries †In this paper, we break down generally disputable issues and express our perspectives to finish up. Notwithstanding, the debates stay an interesting issue for additional exploration attempts to be dealt with various systems and new hypothetical methodology. Certain suspicions may consistently exist as far as a quantitative appraisal of the advantages from the China-Africa relations. Significant contrasts in stories exist among Western and Southern partners. Impediments and Implications †The ends from the work could be upheld by extra examination by thinking about a more extensive extent of the investigation. To give more explanations to the experimental discoveries, more works should have been finished utilizing quantitative information and subjective proof that stretch out past the standard financial and topographical cutoff points just as the socio-political cutoff points. Worth †This paper audits many years of examination on China in Africa and presents a depiction of the ongoing OBOR activity. It further causes to notice the need for ensuing writing to investigate new strategies for examination for better comprehension of the China-Africa relations and the job each part plays to the maintainability of this collaboration. Watchwords: Africa, China, relationship, One Belt One Road.

Comprehensive Sex Education

Far reaching Sex Education Discourse 1. Introduction a. Today, 13,000 young people lives will change. 10,000 of them will be tainted with a STD, 2,400 will get pregnant, and 55 will contract HIV. Those are some entirely terrifying insights. But the legislature is as yet going through $100 million every year on restraint just sex ed programs as opposed to encouraging children about the passionate parts of sex and how to do it securely in the event that they decide to do as such. Simply state no didn't work for medications, and it won't work for sex either.2. Body a. A few schools have begun giving free condoms out to understudies to make it more probable that youngsters will utilize them. Purchasing condoms from a store could be a conceivably humiliating circumstance, particularly if the understudy would need to show ID or if the condoms were kept in a glass case in the store. Both of these circumstances could demoralize understudies from getting them, and they would have no other method to acquire one if their school didn't hand them out, so they likely wouldn't utilize one at all.Condom coutureHaving condoms at school disposes of this problem.b. Likewise, if kids are purchasing condoms with cash out of their own pocket, they would presumably get the most affordable brand, which are likely efficiently made and would break without any problem. The condoms that the school would give out would be free and of a higher quality.c. A few people thoroughly consider giving condoms will advise teenagers it's alright to be explicitly dynamic and give them a reason to have intercourse. That is a strange contention. The medical caretaker gives bandages, and children aren't simply going to go cut themselves.d. Be that as it may, to get a condom at most schools that hand them out, you need a parent to sign an authorization slip, and numerous guardians reject...

Respond to a Letter of Complaint

To: [emailâ protected] co. uk From: [emailâ protected] dk Subject: I feel sorry to learn that your family excursion to Tivoli ended up being a baffling one. The facts demonstrate that lone 11 of the 24 different amusement rides were running on that day sadly because of the specialized disappointments of the machines. By further checking the diversion rides we found that we were unable to hazard utilizing the machine that day and needed to change a few sections for the machine to run again.We couldnot illuminate at the passageway as the professionals were all the while dealing with the machines(you may most likely have seen individuals attempting to fix the machines) and there was an expectation that we could run the machine that day. In any case, on late evening, we discovered that the machine couldn't be fixed that day so we educated at the entryway. we are hearing a tad of issues at a portion of the nourishment outlets. What's more, we came to think about your story from one of t he associate of that outlet. I again apologize for the burden that you needed to endure because of some specialized issues and the awful client service.After perusing your letter and knowing the conditions I had discussion with supervisors of Tivoli and we chose to give your family free passes to enter and play all the amusement games with a free supper in any of the cafés for your family when Tivoli opens again the following summer. I have encased the free goes to enter and play the diversion ride alongside the FREE DINNER FOR YOUR FAMILY IN ANY OF THE OUTLETS. We plan to fulfill our clients with quality in diversion, nourishment and administration. I am looking forward observing you again the following summer in Tivoli and getting a charge out of with your family.

Auditors Report - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2941 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Auditors report Contents Introduction: Responsibilities of audit committee: Audit report: Internal Vs External audit: Relationship: Reporting: Scope of performance: Objective: Audit committee: parts of an audit report: Report title: Introductory paragraph: Scope paragraph: Executive Summary: Opinion paragraph: Auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name: Auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s signature: Audit process: Types of audit reports: Unqualified opinion: Qualified opinion: Adverse opinion: Disclaimer of opinion: Importance of audit report: Purpose of external audit: Function: Time frame: Significance: Types: Misconceptions: Role of auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report in corporate governance: Conclusion: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Auditors Report" essay for you Create order Introduction: Auditing is the process through which the chartered accountants, income tax lawyers, accounts all together helps in accessing the business transactions of the company and filing reports as per the government norms and conditions of that particular country. Auditing is done on a yearly basis. It includes all the requirements related to the economic health and finance of the company that has to be required to be presented before the government agencies for legal and taxing purposes. The effectiveness of auditing can be seen by observing the effectiveness of the audit committee itself which does the external and internal audit of the company. Thus its composition and independence of the members of auditing confirms the free and fair auditing followed in the company. the presence and absence of the audit committee helps in figuring out the quality of the financial reporting that a company adopts. Thus presence of audit committee confirms an attempt of the company to develop a fair repo rting system, while on the other hand, the absence of audit committee clearly signifies the not so good intensions of the company. With the present laws in force the audit committee formation is compulsory in case of company crossing a certain amount of turnover, thus it becomes easier to keep a close eye on the working of the companies which earlier did not had any audit committee. Thus the audit committee members are now more answerable to the government than their corporate owners. Responsibilities of audit committee: The important duty of the audit committee members is to interact with the external auditors during auditing.Audit scope negotiation process is also done by the audit committee.When the auditors assign lower control risk to clients with high corporate governance quality, the auditors may expend less audit effort.Expertise,independence and experience are lacked by many audit committee members.Audit committee acts an effective vehicle in pursuing the interest of shareholders.Less pressure is exerted on the high quality audit members to increase the audit effort.The responsibilities of an auditing committee are: Checking the choice of accounting policies and principles. To hire an external auditor To oversee the audit process To monitor the internal control process. In many countries audit committee was introduced to alleviate the weakness of corporate governance.High profile corporate failures which involves fraud,poor accounting and internal control failure made the organizations to realize the importance of auditing committee.AC plays an important role on the quality of financial reporting.The earnings quality of a company is improved by the audit committee.Meetings,independence and background of the members are also affect the quality of the financial report.The absence of an audit committee affects the financial reportà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s quality.Audit Committee helps an organization to develop a fair reporting system.The formation of audit committee is made compulsory in many countries.Therefore companies which do not have AC is working on the audit committee formation.It is the responsibility of the audit committee members to answer than the government rather than the corporate owners. Audit report: A busineesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial status is officially evaluated with the combination of auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opinion and data collected on the businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial transactions and situation is known as audit report.This is the common process used by companies to examine their own records and to release their financial information to investors and shareholders. (TylerLacoma, 2009) Internal Vs External audit: Auditing may occur either inside or outside the company.An accountant who works in the company perform internal auditing.Internal auditing is easier than external auditing because the auditors are familiar with company records and they have experience in generating such records.The investors and official agencies do not have trust in internal auditing.Some business may not have proper resources to perform internal auditing.Therefore external audit is practiced in some companies.For this purpose, companies hire a firm to perform audit for them. (TylerLacoma, 2009) Relationship: In order to assess the effectiveness of business operations internal auditors are appointed on behalf of management.Internal controls of the business is the main concern of internal auditors. An accountant who works in the company perform internal auditing.External auditors can be appointed by the shareholders of the company to perform external audit.These external auditors are independent of the company and management. (Anon., 2011) Reporting: For both internal as well as external audit a common code of conduct and ethics is applicable.However, they differ in terms of whom they report to.An internal auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report is private and it is only for the directors and management of the business.An external auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report is presented to the shareholders and public. (Anon., 2011) Scope of performance: External audit is performed beyond scope to avoid conflict of interests.The main aim of external audit is to check whether the financial report is free from any misstatement and whether they depict a true and fair view of the entity.Financial and non financial aspects of a firm is focused by internal audit.Fraud is detected by internal audit.Internal audit also provide advise on internal controls and performance appraisal on corporate governance.A businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s risk management strategies are evaluated by internal audit. (Anon., 2011) Objective: A opinion on the financial statement of an entity is expressed by external audit.Functions of external audit are determined by the statutes.The internal audità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s functions are determined by the board and management.The value to operations of an organization is added by internal audits.Operational audits and compliance procedures are the main focus of internal audits. (Anon., 2011) Audit committee: An Audit committee is meant to monitor the companys financial reporting process on fair grounds by making internal controls and risk management. Thus the committee is meant to bring forth the truth about the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial condition that its financial gains and losses, future investment and past requisitions. Thus the audit committee confirms all the facts and figures about the financial conditions of the company. This committee should consist of the non-executive directors of the board. The number of non executive directors should be at least three and in case of chairman included in the board than he should be an independent candidate. (Anon., 2011) parts of an audit report: Audit reports are used by the accountants to publish the data collcted by them during their fieldwork of a company. Seven elements are needed to complete the audit report.These seven elements are report title, introductory paragraph, scope paragraph, executive summary, opinion para graph, auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name and auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s signature. (Andrew, 2009) Report title: The audit date and the addressee of the report are included in the title of the report.The auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s last day of fieldwork is the date and the board members and stockholders are the addressee.The word independent is also mentioned in the title to set it apart from the internal audits. (Andrew, 2009) Introductory paragraph: This is a boilerplate text which states that audit has been carried out.Financial document used to perform the auditing are identified here and it also credits the responsibility of the management for the accuracy of the financial statements.The time frame covered by the audit is determined in this section. (Andrew, 2009) Scope paragraph: This paragraph emphasize that the rules and standards set by Generally Accepted Audit Standards were followed during audit.A reasonable assurance is provided to indicate the claims made by the financial statements are accurate.The test methods carried out by the auditors to test the accounting methods followed by the company is indicated in the scope paragraph. (Andrew, 2009) Executive Summary: The findings of the auditing is summarized here.The auditor determine the content of the summary.Executive summary does not provide much opinion but it clearly expresses the findings of the audit. (Andrew, 2009) Opinion paragraph: The financial situation of the company and the methods and procedures used to reach a conclusion are included in this paragraph.Auditors opinion on the financial stability of the company is included here.Conformity or non conformity of the auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opinion based on the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles are included in this section. (Andrew, 2009) Auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name: At end of the audit report it is the responsibility of the auditor to print his name.The auditor must also included the name of the firm or the certified accountant he is working for. Auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s signature: The auditor is accountable for the audit results up to the date stated in the audit reportà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s title.The signature of the auditor below his name is the acknowledgement for this accountability. (Andrew, 2009) Audit process: The following steps are included in the audit process. The audit objectives,timing and format of the report and distribution are discussed by scheduling a conference. The internal controls and operations are assessed for the soundness. To ensure proper operation the internal controls are tested. All preliminary observations are discussed with the management. Before the release of the audit report, a discussion on the draft is done with the management. The critical issues raised in the audit report are followed to check whether they have been successfully resolved. (CaliforniaUniversity, 2012) Types of audit reports: Four types of audit reports are: Unqualified opinion Qualified opinion Adverse opinion Disclaimer of opinion (TylerLacoma, 2009) Unqualified opinion: It is also known as clean opinion.In an unqualified opinion an auditor determines the financial statements provided by the firm does not have any misinterpretations.This also indicates that the financial record of the firm is maintained in accordance with the standards of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(GAAP).Unqualified opinion is considered as the best type of report. The word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“independentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is ddedin the title of the report to indicate that the audit is done by an unbiased third party.Main body is followed by the title.The main body includes the auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responsibilities,audit purpose and the findings of the audit. (TylerLacoma, 2009) Qualified opinion: Qualified opinion is given when the financial record of a firm is not maintained in accordance with GAAP but there is no misinterpretation in the financial statement.The writing of qualified opinion is extremely similar to that of unqualified opinion.An additional paragraph,providing the reasons why the audit report is not unqualified is included in the qualified opinion. (TylerLacoma, 2009) Adverse opinion: Adverse opinion is the worst type of opinion given for a business.Adverse opinion indicates that the financial record is not maintained in accordance with GAAP and also indicates there are misinterpretations in the financial statements.Adverse opinion is the indication of fraud.When adverse opinion is given it is the responsibility of the firm to correct its financial statement and have it re-audited, because the investors,lenders and other requesting parties will not accept adverse opinion. (TylerLacoma, 2009) Disclaimer of opinion: When the financial record of a firm is unavailable, an auditor cannot complete the accurate audit report,in this case the auditor issues disclaimer of opinion, stating that the financial status of the firm cannot be determined. (TylerLacoma, 2009) Importance of audit report: In order to gain support from the investors, board of directors and interested public, business and non-profit organization carry out audit as a part of their annual financial reporting.Auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report acts as a certificate that an external auditor has audited the financial statement of the organization.The auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opinion in the report is considered as the essence of the reports.For the well being of any organization auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report is very important.The auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report helps to find out the financial stability of a firm. (wisegeek, 2013) The finances of a firm is ensured by the auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report,keeping in with the legal requirement, both the accounts payable and accounts receivable are conducted.External auditors are used to conduct the audit because they are unbiased.Auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report is a useful tool for small companies.Auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report helps the new fir ms to make sure there is proper accounting for all assets, cash flow and liabilities incurred during the calendar period under consideration. (wisegeek, 2013) Auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report helps the organizations to enhance their current method of bookkeeping.The auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report may suggest to for some basic changes in the accounting process which may eliminate duplication of efforts.Other suggestions may include appropriate expense classification,processing reports on employee expenses and similar matters.Many believe auditing is conducted when there is suspicion of wrong doing.Annual auditing is carried to check whether internal audit is done properly.Auditing also point out the area which can be improved.Auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report plays a major role in the investorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decision making process.Auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report helps a firm to gain the trust of investors, shareholders and interested public.Auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s re port also give suggestions to the firm to improve certain areas. (wisegeek, 2013) Purpose of external audit: An external audit checks the effectiveness of internal controls,process,guidelines and policies and incompliance with government requirements,industry standards and company policies.The errors in the financial statement is prevented by the external audit. (MarquisCodjia, 2012) Function: A full assurance to the investors and financial market participants are provided by the external audit.External audit indicates the accounting records of the firm, are fair and they comply with GAAP,industry standards and regulatory requirements.Full assurance indicates the confidence of the investors and the audit results are accurate.Balance sheetmprofit/loss statement,owner;s capital statement and cash flow statement are included in a financial statement. (MarquisCodjia, 2012) Time frame: Throughout the year, an external audit process is carried out.When the company closes its accounting records and prepares financial statement, an external auditor start testing the financial statement of the company.An external auditor along with the internal auditor review areas with problem.In accordance with such review the external auditor carry out the auditing process.The external auditors discuss audit planning,resource allocation and testing schedules with the head of the department of areas under review. (MarquisCodjia, 2012) Significance: Audit report is useful for three groups.They are management,regulators and investors.Operating breakdowns and segments showing risks are learnt by the top management and audit committee.Business trends and corporate practices are detected by the investors.The companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economy standing is gauged by the investors with the help of the audit report. Companys economy standing and managements short term and long term initiatives are gauged by the investors with the help of audit report. (MarquisCodjia, 2012) Types: Auditing a financial statement is the primary audit requirement from a company.A financial statement audit is done to ensure the correctness of financial statement.Errors and breakdowns in internal control and procedures are detected by operational audit.How employees abide by regulations in performing tasks are evaluated by senior management with the help of compliance audit.The control around software and technology infrastructure are ensured by information systems audit. (MarquisCodjia, 2012) Misconceptions: Financial audit is performed by a certified public accountant.For performing other audits there s no need of certification for external auditors. (MarquisCodjia, 2012) Role of auditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report in corporate governance: Corporate governance consists of board of directors,audit committee and other supervisory committees.An auditor does not have any direct corporate governance responsibility. The auditors report provides a check on the information aspects of the governance system. The auditors report helps the corporate governance to increase the soundness of the operations and internal control. The reports also helps the audit committee to use an effective method in preparing the financial report of the firm. Audit report helps the management to identify the operation breakdowns and segments with high risks. Regulators can identify the business trends and corporate practices. Audit report helps the corporate governance in decision making process,accountability and monitoring. Audit report provides confidence.Uncertainty and risks are reduced by audit reports. The information required by the corporate governance for decision making is provided by audit report.Audit report focus on internal controls. The audit report assists the corporate governance in achieving the goal. (wisegeek, 2013) Conclusion: Auditing is the process of checking the financial report. For every firm it is necessary to conduct auditing. Auditing carried out by the external auditor is effective compared to that of internal auditor. Auditing is done to check the financial record of a firm.investors and shareholders always wants an unbiased external auditor to cheche k the financial statements.exernal auditing gains the trust of investors and shareholders. Financial stability of of an organization can be identified with the help of the audit report.audit report also helps to take investment decision.audit report also identifies the misinterpretation in the financial statements. Bibliography Andrew, 2009. ehow. [Online] Available at: https://www.ehow.com/info_8784373_7-parts-audit-report.html [Accessed 20 December 2014]. Anon., 2011. DianaWicks. [Online] Available at: https://www.ehow.com/info_8478956_difference-between-internal-external-auditing.html [Accessed 20 December 2014]. CaliforniaUniversity, 2012. Internal auditing. [Online] Available at: https://daf.csulb.edu/offices/univ_svcs/internalauditing/audits.html [Accessed 20 December 2014]. MarquisCodjia, 2012. ehow. [Online] Available at: https://www.ehow.com/about_6614835_purpose-external-audit.html [Accessed 20 December 2014]. TylerLacoma, 2009. ehow. [Online] Available at: https://daf.csulb.edu/offices/univ_svcs/internalauditing/audits.html [Accessed 20 December 2014]. wisegeek, 2013. wisegeek. [Online] Available at: https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-auditors-report.htm [Accessed 20 December 2014]. 1 | Page

Yemen Nation Profile - Geography, Climate, and History

The ancient nation of Yemen lies at the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula. Yemen has one of the oldest civilizations on Earth, with ties to the Semitic lands to its north and to the cultures of the Horn of Africa, just across the Red Sea. According to legend, the Biblical Queen of Sheba, consort of King Solomon, was Yemeni. Yemen has been colonized at various times by other Arabs, Ethiopians, Persians, Ottoman Turks, and most recently, the British. Through 1989, North and South Yemen were separate nations. Today, however, they are united into the Republic of Yemen — Arabias only democratic republic. Fast Facts: Yemen Official Name: Republic of YemenCapital: SanaaPopulation: 28,667,230  (2018)Official Language: ArabicCurrency: Yemeni rial (YER)Form of Government: In transitionClimate: Mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in eastTotal Area: 203,849 square miles (527,968 square kilometers)Highest Point: Jabal an Nabi Shuayb at 12,028 feet (3,666 meters)Lowest Point: Arabian Sea at 0 feet (0 meters) Yemeni Government Yemen is the only republic on the Arabian Peninsula; its neighbors are kingdoms or emirates. The Yemeni executive branch consists of a president, a prime minister, and a cabinet. The president is directly elected; he appoints the prime minister, with legislative approval. Yemen has a two-part legislature, with a 301-seat lower house, the House of Representatives, and a 111-seat upper house  called the Shura Council. Prior to 1990, North and South Yemen had separate legal codes. The highest court is the Supreme Court in Sanaa. The current President (since 1990) is Ali Abdullah Saleh. Ali Muhammad Mujawar is Prime Minister. Population of Yemen Yemen is home to 28.6 million people as of 2018. The overwhelming majority are ethnic Arabs, but 35% have some African blood as well. There are small minorities of Somalis, Ethiopians, Roma (Gypsies), Europeans, and South Asians. Yemen has the highest birthrate in Arabia, at about 4.45 children per woman. This is probably attributable to early marriages (the marriageable age for girls under Yemeni law is 9), and lack of education for women. The literacy rate among women is only 30%, while 70% of men can read and write. Infant mortality is almost 60 per 1,000 live births. Languages of Yemen Yemens national language is standard Arabic, but there are several different regional dialects in common use. Southern variants of Arabic spoken in Yemen include Mehri, with about 70,000 speakers; Soqotri, spoken by 43,000 island residents; and Bathari, which has only about 200 surviving speakers in Yemen. In addition to the Arabic languages, some Yemeni tribes still speak other ancient Semitic languages closely related to the Ethiopian Amharic and Tigrinya languages. These languages are a remnant of the Sabean Empire (9th century BCE to 1st century BCE) and the Axumite Empire (4th century BCE to 1st century CE). Religion in Yemen The Constitution of Yemen states that Islam is the official state religion of the country, but it also guarantees freedom of religion. The majority by far of Yemenis are Muslim, with some 42-45% Zaydi Shias, and about 52-55% Shafi Sunnis. A tiny minority, some 3,000 people, are Ismaili Muslims. Yemen is also home to an indigenous population of Jews, now numbering only about 500. In the mid-20th century, thousands of Yemenite Jews moved to the new state of Israel. A handful of Christians and Hindus also live in Yemen, although most are foreign ex-patriots or refugees. Geography of Yemen Yemen has an area of 527,970 square kilometers, or 203,796 square miles, at the tip of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders Saudi Arabia to the north, Oman to the east, the Arabian Sea, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Eastern, central and northern Yemen are desert areas, part of the Arabian Desert and Rub al Khali (Empty Quarter). Western Yemen is rugged and mountainous. The coast is fringed with sandy lowlands. Yemen also possesses a number of islands, many of which are actively volcanic. The highest point is the Jabal an Nabi Shuayb, at 3,760 m, or 12,336 feet. The lowest point is sea level. Climate of Yemen Despite its relatively small size, Yemen includes several different climate zones due to its coastal location and variety of elevations. Yearly average rainfall ranges from essentially none in the inland desert to 20-30 inches in the southern mountains. Temperatures also range widely. Winter lows in the mountains can approach freezing, while summer in the tropical western coastal areas can see temperatures as high as 129 ° F (54 °C). To make matters worse, the coast is also humid. Yemen has little arable land; only roughly 3% is suitable for crops. Less than 0.3% is under permanent crops. Yemens Economy Yemen is the poorest nation in Arabia. As of 2003, 45% of the population was living below the poverty line. In part, this poverty stems from gender inequality; 30% of teenage girls between 15 and 19 are married with children, and most are undereducated. Another key is unemployment, which stands at 35%. The per capita GDP is only about $600 (2006 World Bank estimate). Yemen imports food, livestock, and machinery. It exports crude oil, qat, coffee, and seafood. The current spike in oil prices may help alleviate Yemens economic distress. The currency is the Yemeni rial. The exchange rate is $1 US 199.3 rials (July 2008). History of Yemen Ancient Yemen was a prosperous place; the Romans called it Arabia Felix, Happy Arabia. Yemens wealth was based on its trade in frankincense, myrrh, and spices. Many sought to control this rich land over the years. The earliest known rulers were the descendants of Qahtan (Joktan from the Bible and Koran). The Qahtanis (23rd c. to 8th c. BCE) established the crucial trade routes and built dams to control flash-flooding. The late Qahtani period also witnessed the emergence of written Arabic, and the reign of the legendary Queen Bilqis, sometimes identified as the Queen of Sheba, in the 9th c. BCE. The height of ancient Yemeni power and wealth came between the 8th c. BCE and 275 CE, when a number of small kingdoms coexisted within the countrys modern borders. These included the following: the western Kingdom of Saba, the southeastern Hadramaut Kingdom, the city-state of Awsan,  the central trading hub of Qataban, the southwestern Kingdom of Himyar, and the northwestern Kingdom of Main. All of these kingdoms grew prosperous selling spices and incense all around the Mediterranean, to Abyssinia, and as far away as India. They also regularly launched wars against one another. This squabbling left Yemen vulnerable to manipulation and occupation by a foreign power: Ethiopias Aksumite Empire. Christian Aksum ruled Yemen from 520 to 570 A.D. Aksum was then pushed out by the Sassanids from Persia. Sassanid rule of Yemen lasted from 570 to 630 CE. In 628, the Persian satrap of Yemen, Badhan, converted to Islam. The Prophet Muhammad was still living when Yemen converted and became an Islamic province. Yemen followed the Four Rightly-guided Caliphs, the Umayyads, and the Abbasids. In the 9th century, many Yemenis accepted the teachings of Zayd ibn Ali, who founded a splinter Shia group. Others became Sunni, particularly in south and west Yemen. Yemen became known in the 14th century for a new crop, coffee. Yemeni Coffee arabica was exported all over the Mediterranean world. The Ottoman Turks ruled Yemen from 1538 to 1635  and returned to North Yemen between 1872 and 1918. Meanwhile, Britain ruled South Yemen as a protectorate from 1832 on. In the modern era, North Yemen was ruled by local kings until 1962, when a coup established the Yemen Arab Republic. Britain finally pulled out of South Yemen after a bloody struggle in 1967, and the Marxist Peoples Republic of South Yemen was founded. In May of 1990, Yemen reunified after relatively little strife.

Maintaining A Constant And Balanced Internal Environment

Homeostasis is the body s attempt to maintain a constant and balanced internal environment, which requires persistent monitoring and adjustments as conditions change. Homeostatic regulation is monitored and adjusted by the receptor, the command center, and the effector. The receptor receives information based on the internal environment; the command center, receives and processes the information; and the effector responds to the command center, opposing or enhancing the stimulus.1 Living tissue is made up of cells. There are many different types of cells, but all have the same basic structure. Tissues are layers of similar cells that perform a specific function. The different kinds of tissues group together to form organs. There are four†¦show more content†¦The rupture of cartilage homeostasis whatever its cause: aging, genetic predisposition, trauma or metabolic disorder, induces profound phenotypic modifications of chondrocytes, which then promote the synthesis of a subset of factors that induce cartilage damage and target other joint tissues. Cartilage degeneration may occur in response to inappropriate mechanical stress and low-grade local or systemic inflammation associated with trauma, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and early changes in cartilage appear at the joint surface in areas where mechanical forces such as shear stress are greatest.3 The basic role of articular cartilage is to adequately transmit forces across arthrodial joints and maintain a relatively friction-free surface to support limb movement. Numerous studies have described changes in articular cartilage that are relatively consistent and inevitable consequences of aging. These include mild fibrillation (fraying) and softening of the articular surface, a decrease in the average size of the proteoglycan monomers along with a decrease in the aggregation capacity of these molecules, and overall loss of matrix tensile strength and stiffness. These types of changes may be related to the proposed age-related shift in the chondrocyte phenotype rendering the remaining resident cells less capable of maintaining cartilage homeostasis and setting the stage for overt degenerative cartilage disease.4 Osteoarthritis can be managed by †¢ ManagingShow MoreRelatedThe Concept of Homeostasis Particularly in Relation to Temperature Control1407 Words   |  6 Pagesbuilt into the system to regulate it. The controls are self-adjusting and do not require constant monitoring from an outside agent. Such controls maintain the system in equilibrium. 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Importance of Change Management Process

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Change Management Process. Answer: Introduction This report basically discusses the importance of change, and examination why resistance is a problem and how to manage the resistance. The report is also discussed about the relationship between the power and resistance. Along with this, the ethics of managerial and of resistance position is also discussed in this report so that resistance to change can be managed ethically by the organization. The main aim of this report is to focus on the importance of change management process with the topic resistance to change. This report describes the importance of the change process in the organization. Along with this, the report also focuses on the main cause of the resistance to change and to manage that. Many researchers have given their assumption that the resistance to change is very costly and time consuming process which can delay the process of change in the organization. Along with this, the assumption also has been given that the resistance to change can be used as learning point by the managers to develop (Lee Teo, 2005). The change in any organization refers to the movement from present to future to make or do something different from others. Organizational change includes planning to move from present stage to future stage. Change in the organization can be change in mission, operational changes, technological changes or change in the behavior or working styles of employees etc. Resistance in the change takes place when change is not understood by the people in the organization. There can be many reasons of change such as lack of clarity, dislike of change, change in speed and perceived negative effects by the people etc. actually, change is not a problem. Change in every organization is an important process. If an organization wants to grow in the market, it has to adopt some changes. The change could be in many strategies such as change in business operations, change in vision or mission, change in business strategy etc. but change is not a simple process. Employees move towards resistance to change. The reason of their resistance is that they fear from the unknown things such as how the change will impact on them, on their performance, relationship with others and other job related things. Sometimes, there can be psychological resistance; the members may have in the organization (Kreinen, Hollensbe Sheep, 2006). The reason of resistance of change can be as follows: Sometimes, the people move towards resistance to change so that they can avoid the uncertainty. The past things are well known to them. In such case they become afraid to adopt new things. Employees become very afraid when they exchange old and familiar strategies to new and uncertain strategies. They dont have the knowledge about new things. In such case, they move towards resistance (Hensmans, 2003). One of the main causes of resistance can be the disturbance in their daily routine. Every person follows a habitual routine and pattern in his life. It is very difficult to exchange the past routine with the new routine for the employees. So they move toward resistance to change. When the employees feel pressure because of the change in the organization. When employees find difficulties in fulfill their task and goals then they move towards resistance. A small amount of resistance is acceptable in the change but if the resistance goes beyond the lines, it becomes a problem for the organization (Thomas, Hardy, 2011). Resistance as a problem that must be managed One of the real problem in the change process resistance to change. Resistance to change must be managed by the organization with effective change management program (Mar, 2013). Basically, resistance takes place when the employees are not comfortable with the change or they are facing pressure and they are uncomfortable because of the change. So, it is necessary that organization understand the needs and their thoughts and implement the change according to them. Resistance to change is problematic for the organization because when it crosses the line, it puts a negative impact on the organization. Sometimes, resistance becomes an ongoing process which can have a negative effect on the other employees. So, there is a need to manage the resistance timely otherwise it can become a serious issue within the organization. Resistance can be the reason of lower of morality, decreased efficiency in business operation, and distracted work environment. Because of differences in the thoughts, there can be conflicts between the employees of the organizations (Rick, 2013). Organization need to formulate an effective strategy to tackle the issue of resistance to change. Managers need to communicate with the employees and listen their viewpoints so that they will be able to know that where the problems the employees are facing. It is very necessary to manage the resistance because it can become a serious problem in future and it can stop the business operat ions of the organization. Resistance may arise from a genuine understanding of the change or from misunderstanding, or even almost total ignorance about it. By the communication, facilitation, support, manipulation or co-operations, managers will be able to tackle the resistance in the organization. Change is an essential part of organizational growth. To survive in the competitive market, organization must adopt strategic changes which lead to success. By the strategic changes, organization will be able to face new challenges which are arising in the market. It becomes difficult to change something with many people by the organization. Because of resistance to change, the process of change can be delayed for short time or long time. So, it is very important for the organizations to learn how to manage the resistance to change. Power can be a key element in managing the resistance to change (McKay, Marshall, Grainger, Hirschheim, 2012). Power refers to the process which affects the viewpoints, thoughts, opinion, and behavior of someone by respecting of their wish and desires. The power is expected to have the ability to manage the resistance to change in the organization. Organizations use power to collect the information by which it can minimize the impact of resistance to cha nge on the business practices. Power is used on the basis of skills, ability, knowledge and labor to implement change successfully in the organization (Leming and Spicer, 2006). Thus, there is the mutual dependency relationship between the power and resistance. Resistance can be a problem for the organization and managers need to tackle this issue with the ability and capability. Power has the ability to change the perception of someone. If it is used effectively by the managers, the negative impact of resistance can be minimizing at some level (Erkama, 2010). Ethical implications to understand resistance Change is an ongoing process in the business operations. Organizations are continuously adopting the change process to stay competitive in the market. To implement the change and to manage the resistance to change, the ethics and responsibilities are the most important part in the change management. There are some ethical codes which change managers have to fulfill while implementing the change process in the organization (Wooldridge, Schmid Floyd, 2008). They have to ensure that every employee is satisfied with the change occurring in the organization. Along with this, change managers have responsibility to maintain the ethical standards in the organization to take decisions. Managers have duty to motivate the employees who face ethical issues during change process (Probst, 2003). There are some ethical responsibilities of managers who are managing change in the organization: Managers have the higher and important position that makes them responsible for the ethical conducts within the organization. Managers have to observe the behavior and attitude of the employees to ensure that their behaviors are appropriate for the organization or not. Along with this, managers also have the responsibility to minimize the unethical behavior which impact on the business practices of the organization. Managers in the organizations are also responsible for implementing new changes with the ethical codes so that organizations can achieve its objectives. Along with these, managers also have the responsibility of professional ethics according to their role and position (Stemwedel, 2014). Managers have to adopt effective change management process to address the impact of resistance. Change management is an important part of the change process within an organization. The change management process is performed by the managers who ensure the success of the organization by the change process. Change management includes managing the resistance in the organization and focuses on the achieving the organizational goals and objectives. For implementing successful change management process, managers have to adopt some rational views while performing the change process (Hjorth Daniel 2005). Change management process is an essential activity to minimize the resistance to change within the organization. The change process requires proper decisions by the change managers. Along with this, change process is a difficult process also so; it requires sufficient resources for performing change process by the managers. In the rational view of the change management, the manager should ha ve full information of decision problem, so that he will be able to do right decision to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. If the change manager takes decision in a proper manner then it will lead to the success of the organization in the competitive market (Jabri, 2012). The steps which should be adopted in the change management process by the managers are as follows: Identifying and understanding the actual problem in the organization, Alternative understanding of the problem, Evaluation of the options, Choosing best possible option, Implementing the solution, and Observe the success of the change implementation (Karreman Alvesson, 2009). By adopting these processes, change manager will be able to implement the successful change management plan within the organization to manage the resistance and to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization (Roberts, 2005). Conclusion of the report From above discussion, it has been analyzed that the resistance is usual and general apect which is associated with the change management process in the organization. The survival of an organization depends upon the growth and satisfaction level of the employees. It has been observed that resistance can be considered as a problem which should be managed effectively. It can be the cause of conflicts between the managers and decrease the efficiency of the business operations. To overcome from the impact of the resistance, organizations are trying to find out the new and effective ways so that change process can be effective implemented. Change is an ongoing process in the business operations. To implement the change and to manage the resistance to change, the ethics and responsibilities are the most important part in the change management. They will lead to success. Along with this, it has been observed that managers have duty to motivate the employees who face ethical issues during ch ange process. In the change process, Change management includes managing the resistance in the organization and focuses on the achieving the organizational goals and objectives. Change management process is an essential activity to minimize the resistance to change within the organization. The change process requires proper decisions by the change managers. It includes understanding the actual problem in the organization and implementing the solution for successful change management process. From the above discussion, it has been analyzed that change in the organization is an important process to survive in the competitive environment. To lead a successful change, organization needs to understand that resistance to change is a problem for the organization and it is necessary to minimize the impact of the resistance on the business process. Managers need to adopt some business ethics in the change management process to ensure that the employees are satisfied with the change process o r not. The reason is that the employees are the key elements of the growth of the business of any organization. Thus, resistance should be managed properly by the organizations. Reference Erkama, N. (2010). Power and resistance in a multinational organization: Scandinavian Journal of Management. 26. pp 151-165. Hensmans, M., (2003) Social Movement Organizations: A metaphor for strategic actors in institutional fields: Organization Studies, 24(3): 355-381. Hjorth, Daniel (2005). Organizational Entrepreneurship: with de Certeau on Creating Heterotopias (or spaces for play): Journal of Management Inquiry. 14(4). 386- 398. Jabri, (2012). Understanding and managing organizational resistance. pp. 219-236. Karreman, D., Alvesson, M. (2009). Resisting resistance: Counter resistance, consent and compliance in a consultancy firm: Human Relations, 62(8), 11151144. Kreinen, G. E., Hollensbe, E. C., Sheep, M. L. (2006). On the edge of identity: Boundary dynamics at the interface of individual and organizational identities. Human Relations, 59(10), 13151341. Lee, G., Teo, A., (2005). Organizational restructuring: Impact on trust and work satisfaction: Asia Pacific Journal of Management. (22). 2339. Leming and Spicer (2006). The faces of power in organisations. In Contesting the corporation: Struggle, power and resistance in organizations. Cambridge University Press. Chapter 1 Mar, A., (2013). Why Resistance to Change is a Big Problem. Retrieved on 6th October 2016 from https://management.simplicable.com/management/new/why-resistance-to-change-is-a-big-problem McKay, J., Marshall, P., Grainger, N., Hirschheim, R., (2012). Change Implementers Resistance: Considering Power and Resistance in IT Implementation Projects: Change Implementers Resistance. Retrieved on 6th October 2016 from https://dro.deakin.edu.au/eserv/DU:30049124/mckay-changeimplementers-2012.pdf Probst, T. M. (2003). Exploring employee outcomes of organizational restructuring: A Solomon four-group study. Group Organization Management. 28(3). 416439. Rick, T., (2013). CHANGE IS NOT THE PROBLEM RESISTANCE TO CHANGE IS THE PROBLEM. . Retrieved on 6th October 2016 from https://www.torbenrick.eu/blog/change-management/change-is-not-the-problem-resistance-to-change-is-the-problem/ Roberts, L. M. (2005). Changing faces: Professional image construction in diverse organizational settings: Academy of Management Review. 30. 695711. Stemwedel, J. D., (2014). Resistance to ethics is different from resistance to other required courses. Retrieved on 6th October 2016 from https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/doing-good-science/resistance-to-ethics-is-different-from-resistance-to-other-required-courses/ Thomas, R. Hardy, C. (2011) Reframing resistance to organisational change. Scandinavian Journal of Management. 27 pp. 322-331 Wooldridge, B., Schmid, T., Floyd, S. W. (2008). The middle management perspective: Contributions, synthesis and future research: Journal of Management. 34. 11901221.